Go to Safari → Preferences → Advanced and enable Show Develop menu in menu bar.
In the menu bar, click Develop → Empty Caches.
Or open a Private / Incognito Window
Chrome / Edge / Brave: Ctrl + Shift + N
Firefox: Ctrl + Shift + P
Safari (Mac): Command + Shift + N
For Mobile (Android/iOS)
Google Chrome / Edge / Brave
Ctrl + Shift + Delete (Windows) or ⌘ + Shift + Delete (Mac) — Open the Clear browsing data dialog.
Select Cached images and files.
Choose Time range → All time (or at least the last 7 days).
Click Clear data.
Firefox
Ctrl + Shift + Delete (Windows) or ⌘ + Shift + Delete (Mac) — Open Clear Recent History.
Select Cache.
Click OK.
Safari (Mac)
Open Safari → Preferences → Advanced and enable Show Develop menu in menu bar.
From the macOS menu bar choose Develop → Empty Caches.
Quick: Open a Private / Incognito Window
Chrome / Edge / Brave: Ctrl + Shift + N
Firefox: Ctrl + Shift + P
Safari (Mac): ⌘ + Shift + N
Tip: If you only want to refresh a single page without clearing full cache, try a hard reload: Ctrl + F5 (Windows) or ⌘ + Shift + R (Mac) in most browsers.
